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1.
São Paulo; s.n; 20231211. 102 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1519641

ABSTRACT

Infecções odontogênicas são quadros clínicos que podem se agravar quando não tratados no tempo e da forma adequada. A disseminação do processo infeccioso para os tecidos e espaços fasciais adjacentes leva a internação hospitalar e pode provocar com frequência grande morbidade, mas raramente óbitos. Propusemo-nos a analisar por um estudo retrospectivo dados de prontuários de pacientes com infecções odontogênicas no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2021 em um hospital universitário público para verificar possíveis associações de fatores clínicos e laboratoriais no aumento do tempo de internação. Uma amostra aleatória de 220 prontuários conforme a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) em K-047 (abscesso periapical) e K-122 (celulite e abscesso da boca) foi selecionada para coleta de dados. 43% dos prontuários (n=99) continham a maioria das informações para coleta das variáveis como: sexo, idade, regiões anatômicas envolvidas, comorbidades, resultados de exames laboratoriais quando presentes (contagem de leucócitos, proteína C-reativa e hemoglobina), origem da infecção, tratamento, período de internação, antibióticos administrados, relato ou outras medicações quando descritas. Os dados foram distribuídos quanto a média e desvio padrão, medidas de frequência e foram submetidos a teste de associação (qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher) para algumas variáveis relacionadas a gravidade e alongamento do tempo de hospitalização. A maioria dos casos foi de celulite e abscessos da boca (K-122)sendo os mais graves em homens com idade entre os 27 a 32 anos. Não foramreportados óbitos. Os casos de menor gravidade foram abscesso periapical (K-047) envolveram igualmente homens e mulheres na sua maioria crianças entre 12 e 13 anos. A região mais acometida em toda a amostra foi o espaço submandibular. Houve evolução para mediastinite em cinco casos e em 14 para angina de Ludwig. O período de internação para os casos de menor gravidade foi de 3 dias em média enquanto para os casos de maior gravidade ultrapassaram 7 dias. Encontramos associação significativa na amostra total vinculando alongamento da permanência hospitalar por mais do que 3 dias (72h) com os casos de maior gravidade incluindo 6 os registros de celulite e abscesso da boca (K-122), (p=0.003) e quando múltiplos espaços estivessem acometidos (p<0.001). Não foi possível verificar associação significativa entre os resultados dos exames laboratoriais e o alongamento da permanência hospitalar (>72h) porém nos casos de maior gravidade os níveis de PCR se confirmaram significativamente mais elevados. Para os de menor gravidade, periapical (K-047), a penicilina e derivados foram os antibióticos de escolha. Para os casos de maior gravidade a associação de ceftriaxona e clindamicina foi a mais utilizada. Concluímos que os dados corroboram com os dados da literatura internacional. Um estudo prospectivo com maior amostra deve ser conduzido para sugerir fatores preditores clínicos e laboratoriais de gravidade e alongamento de permanência hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Ludwig's Angina , Mediastinitis
2.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 22(1): 13-16, jan.-mar. 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1391391

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O seguinte estudo é uma análise de prontuários para traçar um perfil epidemiológico de pacientes acometidos por infecções odontogênicas e/ou angina de Ludwig em um serviço hospitalar público. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional de 37 prontuários com diagnóstico de infecção odontogênica e/ou Angina de Ludwig no Hospital da Restauração, na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, entre os meses de julho a novembro de 2021. Resultados: Dos 37 prontuários, a maioria foi do sexo masculino (55%; n=20), a faixa etária mais acometida foi dos 18 aos 40 (45%; n=17); abaixo dos 10 anos foram acometidos 27% (n = 10). 21% (n = 8) foram internados e dos 37 prontuários, 13% (n = 5) evoluíram para Angina de Ludwig. Conclusão: O perfil mais acometido por infecções odontogênicas no período proposto foram pacientes do sexo masculino adultos e a internação não prevaleceu na maioria dos casos. O alto acometimento de crianças é um sinal de alerta, sugerindo uma atenção maior dos responsáveis. A angina de Ludwig acometeu menos da metade dos pacientes e a Ceftriaxona e o Metronidazol foram os antibióticos de escolha para a maioria dos casos... (AU)


Objetivo: El siguiente estudio es un análisis de historias clínicas para trazar un perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes afectados por infecciones odontogénicas y/o angina de Ludwig en un servicio hospitalario público. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional en 37 historias clínicas con diagnóstico de infección odontogénica y/o Angina de Ludwig en el Hospital da Restauração, en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, entre julio y noviembre de 2021. Resultados: De las 37 historias clínicas, la mayoría eran hombres (55%; n=20), el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 18 a 40 años (45%; n=17); menores de 10 años, el 27% (n = 10) estaban afectados. El 21% (n = 8) fueron hospitalizados y de las 37 historias clínicas, el 13% (n = 5) progresó a Angina de Ludwig. Conclusión: El perfil más afectado por infecciones odontogénicas en el periodo propuesto fueron pacientes adultos del sexo masculino y no predominó la hospitalización en la mayoría de los casos. La alta participación de los niños es una señal de advertencia, lo que sugiere una mayor atención por parte de los responsables. La angina de Ludwig afectó a menos de la mitad de los pacientes y la ceftriaxona y el metronidazol fueron los antibióticos de elección en la mayoría de los casos... (AU)


Objective: The following study is an analysis of medical records to trace an epidemiological profile of patients affected by odontogenic infections and/or Ludwig's angina in a public hospital service. Methodology: An observational study was carried out on 37 medical records with a diagnosis of odontogenic infection and/or Ludwig's Angina at Hospital da Restauração, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, between July and November 2021. Results: Of the 37 medical records, the most were male (55%; n=20), the age group most affected was from 18 to 40 (45%; n=17); under 10 years of age, 27% (n = 10) were affected. 21% (n = 8) were hospitalized and of the 37 medical records, 13% (n = 5) progressed to Ludwig's Angina. Conclusion: The profile most affected by odontogenic infections in the proposed period were adult male patients and hospitalization did not prevail in most cases. The high involvement of children is a warning sign, suggesting greater attention from those responsible. Ludwig's angina affected less than half of the patients and Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole were the antibiotics of choice for most cases... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Medical Records , Focal Infection, Dental , Ludwig's Angina , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Hospitals, Public , Infections
3.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 50(2): 151-158, 20220000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1382352

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la mediastinitis se define como el proceso inflamatorio usualmente infeccioso del tejido conectivo mediastinal y los órganos que este rodea. Específicamente, la mediastinitis descendente corresponde a una complicación rara por infección de los espacios profundos del cuello, la orofaringe o la cavidad oral, que se extiende a través de los espacios fasciales del cuello y los diseca. De forma infrecuente, esta patología puede originarse a partir de la parotiditis, las infecciones de la piel del cuello o la epiglotitis. También, de manera menos frecuente, puede generarse en el contexto de un traumatismo del cuello o la cavidad oral. En este estudio se pretende llamar la atención, en particular, sobre los aspectos que involucran al especialista otorrinolaringólogo en el manejo de los pacientes con infecciones profundas del cuello y su rol en el diagnóstico y tratamiento eficaz de la mediastinitis descendente, como la principal causa de mortalidad en estos casos. Metodología: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda con las palabras clave "Airway" "Ludwig's angina" en PubMed, no se efectuó filtración por fecha ni tipo de estudio. Se encontró un total de 147 artículos. Se realizó lectura de los resúmenes por los autores y se seleccionaron 50. Se realizó lectura crítica del texto completo de los 50 artículos resultantes de la búsqueda y se extrajo la información relevante. Conclusión: esta patología de marcada severidad conlleva a un aumento significativo de la mortalidad. Su tratamiento, aunque permanece controversial en ciertas circunstancias, debe ser agresivo y oportuno, con un enfoque en el rol del otorrinolaringólogo en 4 pilares de tratamiento: el drenaje quirúrgico, la antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro, el soporte hemodinámico y la seguridad de la vía aérea.


Introduction: Mediastinitis is defined as the usually infectious inflammatory process of the mediastinal connective tissue and the organs it surrounds. Specifically, descending mediastinitis corresponds to a rare complication, an infection of deep spaces of the neck, oropharynx, or oral cavity, which extends through the facial spaces of the neck, dissecting. Less frequent, this pathology can originate from parotiditis, skin infections of the neck or epiglottitis. Also, less frequent it can be generated in the context of trauma to the neck or oral cavity. This study intends to draw attention to the aspects that involve the ENT specialist in the management of patients with deep neck infections and their role in the diagnosis and effective treatment of descending mediastinitis as the main cause of mortality in these patients. Methodology: A search was carried out with the keywords "Airway" "Ludwig's angina" in PubMed, no filtering was performed by date or type of study, finding a total of 147 articles, abstracts were read by the authors, selecting 50. A critical reading of the 50 articles full texts is carried out and the relevant information is extracted. Conclusion: This pathology of marked severity, carries a significant increase in mortality and its treatment, although it remains controversial in certain circumstances, it must be aggressive and timely, focusing the role of the otorhinolaryngologist on 4 pillars of treatment: surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy, hemodynamic support, and airway safety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ludwig's Angina , Airway Remodeling , Mediastinitis
4.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 49(3): 230-236, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1292719

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las infecciones odontogénicas afectan al 80 %-90 % de la población y pueden dar lugar a complicaciones potencialmente mortales como la mediastinitis necrotizante descendente, una infección polimicrobiana aguda en el mediastino con una tasa de mortalidad entre el 11 % y 40 %. Su detección precoz y el tratamiento adecuado con manejo antibiótico y drenaje quirúrgico a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinario representan factores influyentes en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Objetivo: en este artículo presentamos un caso de mediastinitis necrotizante descendente en un paciente masculino de 34 años, que se originó por una infección odontogénica que requirió un procedimiento dental. El paciente fue hospitalizado por el empeoramiento del estado clínico a pesar de la profilaxis antibiótica. La tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) confirmó la extensión de la infección al mediastino, y el paciente fue tratado con éxito con antibioterapia intravenosa y múltiples drenajes quirúrgicos intraorales, cervicotomía y toracoscopia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos globales y se seleccionaron los artículos por los siguientes términos MeSH y DeCS: "mediastinitis necrotizante descendente", "angina de Ludwig", "absceso", "toracoscopia" y sus respectivos en inglés, priorizando los referentes a la mediastinitis necrotizante descendente de origen odontogénico. Conclusiones: en la mediastinitis necrotizante descendente, la combinación de diagnóstico precoz, tratamiento antibiótico de amplio espectro, mantenimiento de la vía aérea y drenaje quirúrgico amplio y a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinario mejora de manera importante el pronóstico de la enfermedad.


Introduction: Odontogenic infections affect 80%-90% of the population and can lead to life-threatening complications such as descending necrotizing mediastinitis. Is an acute polymicrobial infection in the mediastinum with a mortality rate of 11%-40%. Its early detection and adequate treatment with antibiotic management and surgical drainage by a multidisciplinary team represent influential factors in the prognosis of the disease. Objective: In this article, we present a case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis in a 34-year-old male patient that originated from an odontogenic infection that required a dental procedure. The patient was hospitalized for worsening clinical status despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Computed axial tomography confirmed the extension of the infection to the mediastinum and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotherapy and multiple intraoral, cervicotomy, and thoracoscopic surgical drains. Materials and methods: A search was made in global databases, articles were selected by the following MeSH and DeCS terms: "descending necrotizing mediastinitis", "Ludwig's angina", "abscess", "thoracoscopy", and their respective English terms, prioritizing those referring to descending necrotizing mediastinitis of odontogenic origin. Conclusions: In descending necrotizing mediastinitis, the combination of early diagnosis, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, airway maintenance, and extensive surgical drainage by a multidisciplinary team significantly improves the prognosis of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mediastinitis , Thoracoscopy , Abscess , Ludwig's Angina
5.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 31: 31407, 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291382

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: relatar e descrever a evolução satisfatória de uma Angina de Ludwig decorrente de uma infecção amigdaliana, que evoluiu para mediastinite e choque séptico. O trabalho visa detalhar os aspectos clínicos e diagnósticos desta grave doença, além da terapêutica empregada neste caso. Método: as informações foram obtidas do prontuário do paciente, bem como dos laudos dos exames de imagem realizados. A revisão da literatura foi feita na base de dados PUBMED. Considerações finais: o caso estudado relata um raro desfecho favorável de uma Angina de Ludwig que evoluiu para mediastinite, cuja taxa de mortalidade é de até 50% dos casos. A abordagem cirúrgica combinada com antibioticoterapia precoce se mostra ser a melhor conduta para estes casos.


Objective: report and describe the satisfactory evolution of Ludwig's Angina due to a tonsillary infection, which evolved to mediastinitis and sept shock. The work aims to detail the clinical and diagnostic aspects of this serious illness, in addition to the therapy used in this case. Method: the information was obtained from the patient's medical record, as well as from the reports of the imaging tests performed. The literature review was carried out in the PUBMED database. Final considerations: the case studied has great importance for the medical community, since it reports a rare favorable outcome for a case of Ludwig's Angina complicated with an mediastinitis, whose mortality is described up to 50% of the cases. The surgical approach combined with early antibiotic therapy is shown to be the best approach for these cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ludwig's Angina , Mediastinitis , Osteomyelitis , Tonsillitis , Airway Obstruction , Infections , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 24(1/2): 54-56, jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1148257

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ludwig's angina is one of the soft tissue infections of the neck and tongue floor with the most admissions to intensive care units (ICU) due to its compromise of the airway and complications from septic shock. The incidence is higher in the adult population, and with the use of the latest generation antibiotics, its incidence has decreased. One of the most frequent causes is the presence of an odontogenic focus such as abscesses, mainly in the second and third molars. Objective: To describe a clinical case, admitted to the hospital ICU, highlighting the comprehensive management and adequate antibiotic therapy. Main data of the case: 24-year-old female patient, a native of Latacunga, went to the emergency service of the Hospital del Sur de Quito for a fever of 10 days of evolution and taking the general condition with signs of shock, and intense pain in the tongue, with edema, and impaired phonation. For initial management, intravenous tramal, IV hydrocortisone, and a broad spectrum antibiotic with piperacillin with tazobactam 4 grams IV every 6 hours, and IV metronidazole every 8 hours. Conclusions: Ludwig's angina is a pathology that usually involves young patients, whose evolution is rapid and its inadequate management leads to death, associated with obstructive respiratory failure and severe sepsis, which requires a timely diagnosis.


Introducción: La angina de Ludwig constituye una de las infecciones de los tejidos blandos del cuello y piso de la lengua con más ingresos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por su compromiso de la vía aérea y complicaciones por shock séptico. La incidencia es mayor en la población adulta, y con el uso de los antibióticos de última generación, su incidencia ha disminuido. Una de las causas más frecuentes es la presencia de un foco odontogénico como los abscesos, principalmente en el segundo y el tercer molar. Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico, internado en la UCI del hospital, destacando el manejo integral y la terapia antibiótica adecuada. Datos principales del caso: paciente femenina de 24 años, natural de Latacunga, acude al servicio de emergencias del Hospital del sur de Quito por fiebre de 10 días de evolución y toma del estado general con signos de shock, y dolor intenso en lengua, con edema, y deterioro de la fonación. Para el abordaje inicial se administra tramadol por vía intravenosa (IV), hidrocortisona IV y antibiótico de amplio espectro con piperacilina con tazobactam 4 gramos IV cada 6 horas, y metronidazol IV cada 8 horas. Conclusiones: la angina de Ludwig es una afección que habitualmente involucra pacientes jóvenes, cuya evolución es rápida y su inadecuado abordaje conlleva a la muerte, asociado con insuficiencia respiratoria obstructiva y sepsis grave, por lo que requiere un diagnóstico oportuno


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Shock, Septic , beta-Lactamases , Dopamine , Ludwig's Angina , Metronidazole
7.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(1): 44-50, feb. 28, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151468

ABSTRACT

Orofacial infections are considered as one of most common infections and need rapid and adequate treatment as they affect a very delicate region and are associated with serious life-threatening complications. Orofacial infections can be either odontogenic that is with an origin in teeth and associated structures or non-odontogenic, not associated with teeth, can affect facial spaces and spread from one space to another, so a good knowledge about diagnosis and treating these infections is of utmost importance, and can include both non-surgical and surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to determine the most common cause of orofacial infections, the most common bacterial microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibility. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was undertaken in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariry Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from 1st January to 30th September 2015. This study included 45 patients with different forms of orofacial infections; data regarding age, gender, underlying cause, facial space involvement, presenting signs were collected through history, clinical examination and radiographs, incision and drainage with swab sample for culture and sensitivity test was performed. Results: Patients with orofacial infections showed a female to male ratio of 1.25:1. The mean age was 32.8 years. Most of the patients were in their 4th decade of life (27%). Most infections were odontogenic in origin (62%), the most common facial space involved was submandibular (65%), the most common isolated microorganism was Streptococcus pyogenes (59%), and most patients were treated using an extra-oral surgical approach (78%). Antibiotics to which bacterial isolated showed the most sensitivity were netilmicin, cefoperazone and rifampicin (91%). Pain and limitation of mouth opening gradually decreased in most of patients during the two weeks follow up period. Conclusion: Orofacial infections were more common in females, in the third and fourth decade of life, were odontogenic in origin, were mostly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, and most isolates were susceptible to netilmicin, cefoperazone and rifampicin. Pain and trismus decreased over two weeks post-treatment.


Las infecciones orofaciales se consideran una de las infecciones más comunes y necesitan un tratamiento rápido y adecuado, ya que afectan una región muy delicada y se asocian con complicaciones graves que amenazan la vida. Las infecciones orofaciales pueden ser odontogénicas que se originan en los dientes y las estructuras asociadas, o no odontogénicas, no asociadas con los dientes, pueden afectar los espacios faciales y propagarse de un espacio a otro, por lo que un buen conocimiento sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estas infecciones es de suma importancia, y puede incluir tratamiento no quirúrgico y quirúrgico. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la causa más común de infecciones orofaciales, los microorganismos bacterianos más comunes y su susceptibilidad a los antibióticos. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Departamento de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Al-Shaheed Ghazi Al-Hariry, Bagdad, Iraq del 1 de enero al 30 de septiembre de 2015. Este estudio incluyó a 45 pacientes con diferentes formas de infecciones orofaciales; Se recopilaron datos sobre edad, sexo, causa subyacente, afectación del espacio facial, signos de presentación a través de la historia, examen clínico y radiografías, incisión y drenaje con muestra de hisopo para cultivo y prueba de sensibilidad. Resultado: Los pacientes con infecciones orofaciales mostraron una relación mujer/hombre de 1.25: 1. La edad media fue de 32,8 años. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban en su cuarta década de vida (27%). La mayoría de las infecciones fueron de origen odontogénico (62%), el espacio facial más común involucrado fue submandibular (65%), el microorganismo aislado más común fue Streptococcus pyogenes (59%), y la mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con un abordaje quirúrgico extraoral (78%). Los antibióticos a los que las bacterias aisladas mostraron mayor sensibilidad fueron netilmicina, cefoperazona y rifampicina (91%). El dolor y la limitación de la apertura de la boca disminuyeron gradualmente en la mayoría de los pacientes durante el período de seguimiento de dos semanas. Conclusión:Las infecciones orofaciales fueron más comunes en las mujeres, en la tercera y cuarta década de la vida, fueron de origen odontogénico, fueron causadas principalmente por Streptococcus pyogenes y la mayoría de los aislamientos fueron susceptibles a la netilmicina, cefoperazona y rifampicina. El dolor y el trismo disminuyeron durante las dos semanas posteriores al tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Jaw Diseases/etiology , Infection Control, Dental , Streptococcus pyogenes , Bacterial Infections , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Netilmicin/therapeutic use , Jaw Diseases/surgery , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Iraq , Ludwig's Angina/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 18(3): 425-428, dez 20, 2019. fig, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359283

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a mediastinite necrosante descendente é um processo infeccioso grave do mediastino e pode ser originária de uma infecção odontogênica, apresentando; alta taxa de mortalidade. O cirurgião-dentista deve buscar estratégias para prevenir focos infecciosos, diminuindo a incidência de infecções odontogênicas graves que se disseminem pelos espaços cervicofaciais e torácicos. Objetivo: relatar caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de mediastinite necrosante pós-angina de Ludwig, descrever suas manifestações clínicas e a conduta terapêutica odontológica adotada. Relato de caso: paciente, 31 anos, sexo masculino, foi admitido referindo sintomatologia dolorosa no dente 3.8, que evoluiu para aumento de volume em região cervical, associado à febre e disfagia progressiva. Ao exame físico extraoral, observam-se sinais de disseminação para os espaços cervicofaciais e torácicos. Após exames complementares, o diagnóstico revela a infecção, associada à angina de Ludwig, secundária à pericoronarite. O tratamento foi analgesia e antibioticoterapia por via venosa. Após remissão dos sintomas, o paciente recebeu alta hospitalar em bom estado e foi realizada exodontia do dente 3.8. Conclusão: a mediastinite necrosante é uma patologia rara que pode levar a óbito, se não tratada adequadamente. O cirurgiãodentista deve estar consciente da possibilidade de disseminação pelos espaços faciais e mediastinais dos processos infecciosos de origem odontogênica e estar apto para tratar corretamente os casos antes, que eles acarretem grande risco à vida dos pacientes.


Introduction: descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a severe infectious process of the mediastinum and may originate from an odontogenic infection; having a high mortality rate. The dentist should seek strategies to prevent infections that spread through the cervicofacial and thoracic spaces. Objective: to report a case of a patient with a diagnosis of DNM after Ludwig's angina, to describe its clinical manifestations and the adopted dental treatment. Case report: a thirty-one year old male patient was admitted with painful 3.8 tooth symptoms that evolved to swelling in the cervical regions, associated with fever and progressive dysphagia. Extraoral physical examination shows signs of spread to the cervicofacial and thoracic spaces. After further examination, the diagnosis was DNM associated with Ludwig's angina secondary to pericoronitis. Treatment was intravenous analgesia and antibiotic therapy. After remission of symptoms, the patient was discharged from hospital in good condition and 3.8 tooth extraction. Conclusion: DNM is a rare condition that can lead to death if not treated properly. The dentist should be aware of the possibility of spreading through the facial and mediastinal spaces of infectious processes of odontogenic origin, being able to correctly treat the cases, before they pose a great risk to patients' lives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Therapeutics , Ludwig's Angina , Mediastinitis , Deglutition Disorders , Edema , Fever
9.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 18(2): 270-274, nov 07, 2019. fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291828

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Angina de Ludwig é um processo de celulite severa, quase sempre de origem odontogênica, que envolve bilateralmente os espaços perimandibulares. Objetivo: discutir o manejo da Angina de Ludwig em paciente comprometido sistemicamente em uma situação de urgência. Relato de caso: paciente L.H.S.A., 36 anos, portador de esquizofrenia, apresentou-se à emergência do Hospital Geral do Estado cursando com disfagia, dispneia e aumento de volume endurecido e aquecido à palpação em região submandibular bilateral, sublingual e submentoniana. Foi iniciado regime de antibioticoterapia venosa e encaminhamento ao centro cirúrgico para remoção do foco causal, incisão e dissecação romba profunda, bem como inserção de drenos rígidos sob anestesia geral. Resultados: aproximadamente um mês após a intervenção inicial, o paciente apresentou remissão da infecção e segue sem recidivas. Conclusão: a suspeita clínica de Angina de Ludwig deve ser aumentada em pacientes psiquiátricos e usuários de drogas psicotrópicas, uma vez que essas condições aumentam a suceptibilidade à infecção. A preservação das vias aéreas, antibioticoterapia e o tratamento cirúrgico são eficazes na erradicação do quadro.


Introduction: Ludwig's angina is a process of severe cellulitis, usually of odontogenic origin, which involves bilaterally the perimandibular spaces. Objective: to discuss the treatment of Ludwig's angina in a systemically compromised patient in an emergency. Case report: patient L.H.S.A., 36 years old, carrier of schizophrenia, reported to the emergency of the State General Hospital presenting dysphagia, dyspnea, and increased volume of hardened and warm palpation in the submandibular bilateral, sublingual and submental regions. The team started a venous antibiotic therapy regimen and sent the patient to the surgical center for removal of the causal focus, incision and deep blunt dissection, as well as insertion of rigid drains under general anesthesia. Results: about a month after the initial intervention, the patient presented remission of the infection and follows without relapses. Conclusion: the clinical suspicion of Ludwig's angina should be increased in psychiatric patients and users of psychotropic drugs, since these conditions increase the susceptibility to infection. Airway preservation, antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment are effective in eradicating the disease.


Subject(s)
Ludwig's Angina
12.
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ; : 336-340, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-715747

ABSTRACT

A 73-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with submandibular pain and swelling. The patient was diagnosed to have Ludwig's angina, and she was planned to undergo urgent incision and drainage under general anesthesia. However, her physical examination revealed severe diffuse swelling extending from the bilateral submandibular spaces to the submental space and further down to the neck. As our view was blocked by the patient's neck swelling, we did not perform a regional anesthesia of the airway or a transtracheal block. Several non-invasive alternatives were considered. The “spray-as-you-go” technique was chosen, and it was performed using the OptiScope®. However, the OptiScope did not have a working channel or syringe adaptor for the administration of the local anesthetic solution. To solve this problem, we combined the OptiScope with a 27-G tunneled epidural catheter (100 cm) for the administration of lidocaine and this combination made the awake intubation successful.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Anesthesia, Conduction , Anesthesia, General , Catheters , Drainage , Emergency Service, Hospital , Intubation , Lidocaine , Ludwig's Angina , Neck , Physical Examination , Syringes
13.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(6): 637-640, Nov.-Dec. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897794

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Ludwig's angina (LA) is an infection of the submandibular space, first described by Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig in 1836. It represents an entity difficult to manage due to the rapid progression and difficulty in maintaining airway patency, a major challenge in medical practice, resulting in asphyxia and death in 8-10% of patients. Objective Describe a case of a patient with Ludwig's angina undergoing surgery, with emphasis on airway management, in addition to reviewing the articles published in the literature on this topic. Case report Male patient, 21 years, drug addict, admitted by the emergency department and diagnosed with LA. Difficult airway was identified during the anesthetic examination. In additional tests, significant deviation from the tracheal axis was seen. Undergoing bilateral thoracoscopic pleural drainage, we opted for airway management through tracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and balanced general anesthesia was proposed. There were no complications during the surgical-anesthetic act. After the procedure, the patient remained intubated and mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit. Conclusions Airway management in patients with Ludwig's angina remains challenging. The choice of the safest technique should be based on clinical signs, technical conditions available, and the urgent need to preserve the patient's life.


Resumo Justificativa A angina de Ludwig (AL) constitui uma infecção do espaço submandibular, primeiramente descrita por Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig em 1836. Representa uma entidade de difícil manejo devido à rápida progressão e dificuldade na manutenção da via aérea pérvia, um importante desafio na prática médica, que culmina em asfixia e morte em 8-10% dos pacientes. Objetivo Descrever o caso clínico de um paciente com angina de Ludwig submetido a procedimento cirúrgico, com ênfase no manejo da via aérea, além de revisar os artigos disponíveis na literatura médica a respeito desse tema. Relato de caso Paciente masculino, 21 anos, drogadito, admitido pelo pronto socorro e diagnosticado com AL. Na propedêutica anestésica constatou-se via aérea difícil. Nos exames complementares foi possível observar importante desvio do eixo traqueal. Submetido à toracoscopia bilateral com drenagem pleural, optou-se pelo manejo da via aérea através de intubação nasotraqueal por fibrobroncoscopia e foi proposta anestesia geral balanceada. Não houve intercorrência durante o ato cirúrgico-anestésico. Após procedimento paciente permaneceu intubado e em ventilação mecânica na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Conclusões O manejo da via aérea nos pacientes com angina de Ludwig permanece desafiador. A escolha da técnica mais segura deve ser embasada no quadro clínico, nas condições técnicas disponíveis e na necessidade premente de preservação da vida do paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Airway Management/methods , Anesthesia , Ludwig's Angina
14.
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ; : 135-138, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-106749

ABSTRACT

Intraoperative airway obstruction is perplexing to anesthesiologists because the patient may fall into danger rapidly. A 74-year-old woman underwent an emergency incision and drainage for a deep neck infection of dental origin. She was orally intubated with a 6. 0 mm internal diameter reinforced endotracheal tube by video laryngoscope using volatile induction and maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane, fentanyl (100 µg), and succinylcholine (75 mg). During surgery, peak inspiratory pressure increased from 22 to 38 cmH₂O and plateau pressure increased from 20 to 28 cmH₂O. We maintained anesthesia because we were unable to access the airway, which was covered with surgical drapes, and tidal volume was delivered. At the end of surgery, we found a longitudinal fold inside the tube with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The patient was reintubated with another tube and ventilation immediately improved. We recognized that the tube was obstructed due to dissection of the inner layer.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Airway Obstruction , Anesthesia , Bronchoscopes , Drainage , Emergencies , Fentanyl , Intubation , Laryngoscopes , Ludwig's Angina , Neck , Succinylcholine , Surgical Drapes , Tidal Volume , Ventilation
15.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 16(2): 25-30, Abr.-Jun. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-844710

ABSTRACT

Infecções odontogênicas complexas são aquelas, que se disseminam para espaços faciais subjacentes, podendo provocar complicações graves, como a Angina de Ludwig. Seu diagnóstico precoce e uma avaliação precisa das complicações são extremamente importantes para o sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de 50 pacientes internados com infecção odontogênica complexa em um hospital público de Belo Horizonte-MG, no intervalo de um ano. Dentre eles, 26 eram mulheres e 24 homens, com a média de idade de 31,04 anos. O período de internação foi, em média, de 6,9 dias, e o intervalo entre o início da infecção e a internação foi de 4,80 dias em média. Apenas 6% eram portadores de Diabetes Mellitus. Em 56%, os dentes causadores foram segundos e terceiros molares inferiores. Um total de 54% possuía baixa renda, mas apenas 4% eram analfabetos. Dentre os pacientes, 47 fizeram uso de algum tipo de medicamento prévio ao momento da internação hospitalar e 32,0% relataram-se automedicado. Concluiu-se que a infecção odontogênica pode atingir indivíduos de variadas faixas etárias, independente do sexo, classe econômica ou nível de instrução. A prevenção e a abordagem precoce dos casos são a melhor estratégia de tratamento... (AU)


Severe odontogenic infections are those that spread to spaces underlying facial and may cause severe complications such as Ludwig's angina. Early diagnosis and precise evaluation of complications is extremely important for successful treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of 50 patients admitted with severe odontogenic infection in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais within one year. Among them, 26 were women and 24 men, with a mean age of 31.04 years. The hospital stay averaged 6.9 days and the interval between the onset of infection and hospitalization was 4.80 days on average. Only 6% were diabetic patients. In 56%, the causing teeth were second and third molars. A total of 54% had low income, but only 4% were illiterate. Among the patients, 47 had used some kind of drug prior to the time of hospitalization and 32.0% reported having self-medicated. It was concluded that the odontogenic infection can affect individuals of different age groups, regardless of gender, economic class or education level. The prevention and early treatment of cases are the best treatment strategy... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Epidemiology , Dentistry , Diabetes Mellitus , Focal Infection, Dental , Ludwig's Angina
16.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 16(4): 30-35, out.-dez. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1248080

ABSTRACT

A angina de Ludwig (AL) é um processo infeccioso agudo e grave que consiste em uma celulite do tecido conectivo cervical que acomete bilateralmente os espaços perimandibulares (submandibular, sublingual e submentoniano). Sua natureza é polimicrobiana, normalmente de origem dentária ou relacionada a extrações dentárias em pacientes imunologicamente comprometidos ou em condições debilitantes. Possui evolução rápida e pode invadir subitamente os espaços fasciais ou bainhas vasculares e disseminar para a região cervical, obstruindo as vias aéreas. A progressão da doença pode atingir o mediastino comprimindo o coração e os pulmões, provocar insuficiência respiratória grave e evoluir para quadros sépticos extremamente severos e exigem medidas emergenciais como a traqueostomia, drenagem do abscesso e dos inúmeros focos, drenagem cirúrgica torácica aberta, hidratação do paciente e uma terapia antimicrobiana que atinja tanto os germes gram-positivos e gram-negativos, bem como os anaeróbios. Este artigo apresenta um caso de angina de Ludwig com evolução para mediastinite que foi necessário a utilização de toracotomia e traqueostomia como conduta auxiliar de controle... (AU)


The Ludwig's angina is an acute and severe infectious process of a cellulitis cervical connective tissue that affects the bilateral submandibular perimandibulares spaces, sublingual and submental). Its nature is polymicrobial, usually of dental origin or related to dental extractions in immunologically compromised patients or debilitating conditions. Has rapidly evolving and can suddenly invade the fascial spaces or vascular sheaths and spread to the neck, blocking the airway. Disease progression can reach the mediastinum compressing the heart and lungs, causing severe respiratory failure and evolve into extremely severe sepsis and require emergency measures such as tracheotomy, abscess drainage and numerous pockets, open chest surgical drainage, the patient's hydration and an antimicrobial therapy which achieves both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes. This article presents a case of Ludwig's angina with evolution to mediastinitis that the use of thoracotomy and tracheostomy to conduct assist control was needed... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Thoracotomy , Ludwig's Angina , Mediastinitis , Respiratory Insufficiency , Disease Progression , Mediastinum , Neck
17.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons ; : 293-298, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-87041

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Infection involving the orbit, zygomatic space, lateral pharyngeal space, or hemifacial and oral floor phlegmon is referred to as cervicofacialvinfection (CFI). When diagnosis and/or adequate treatment are delayed, these infections can be life-threatening. Most cases are the result of odontogenic infections. We highlight our experiences in the management of this life-threatening condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients who presented with CFI from December 2005 to June 2012 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic or the Accident and Emergency Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (Zaria, Nigeria). The medical records of all patients who presented with either localized or diffuse infection of the maxillofacial soft tissue spaces were retrospectively collected. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 and are expressed as descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Of the 77 patients, 49 patients (63.6%) were males, a male to female ratio of 1:7.5. The ages ranged from two years to 75 years with a mean of 35.0+/-19.3 years, although most patients were older than 40 years. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation ranged from 6 to 60 days, with a mean of 11.0+/-9.4 days. More than 90% of the patients presented to the clinic within the first 10 days. The most commonly involved anatomical space was the submandibular space (n=29, 37.7%), followed by hemifacial space (n=22, 28.6%) and buccal space (n=7, 9.1%). Ludwig angina accounted for about 7.8% of the cases. CONCLUSION: CFI most commonly involves the submandibular space, typically affects individuals with a low level of education, and is influenced by traditional medical practices. Despite improved health care delivery, CFI remains a significant problem in developing countries.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cellulitis , Delivery of Health Care , Developing Countries , Diagnosis , Education , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals, Teaching , Ludwig's Angina , Medical Records , Orbit , Retrospective Studies , Surgery, Oral
18.
Korean Journal of Legal Medicine ; : 127-131, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-92370

ABSTRACT

Ludwig's angina is a progressive gangrenous cellulitis and edema of the soft tissues of the neck and floor of the mouth. Ludwig's angina can be fatal as a result of progressive swelling of the soft tissues of the neck and elevation and posterior displacement of the tongue, resulting in airway obstruction. We report the case of a 77-yearold man who was admitted to the dental hospital with a toothache and headache. He was diagnosed with left submandibular space abscess. Four days post-admission, the submandibular and submental abscess was incised and drained. After the operation, the patient suddenly developed dyspnea and suffered cardiopulmonary arrest and died. An autopsy was performed, and exploration of the neck revealed a submental and submandibular abscess with massive inflammation, edema, and an abscess in multiple layers of the cervical subcutaneous tissue. After autopsy, the cause of death was confirmed as Ludwig's angina with a deep neck abscess. Ludwig's angina is a rapidly progressive cellulitis that often results in death by asphyxia or sepsis and is rarely seen in a forensic autopsy practice. Here in we report a case of Ludwig's angina and present a review of the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abscess , Airway Obstruction , Asphyxia , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Cellulitis , Dyspnea , Edema , Headache , Heart Arrest , Inflammation , Ludwig's Angina , Mouth , Neck , Sepsis , Subcutaneous Tissue , Tongue , Toothache
19.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 14(1): 43-47, Jan.-Mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-792313

ABSTRACT

A fasceíte necrotizante (FN) da região cérvico-facial é uma infecção rara, que acomete, geralmente, os pacientes com doenças que levam à imunossupressão sistêmica. É caracterizada por uma necrose extensa dos tecidos moles, com possível formação de gases nos tecidos subcutâneos, seguida por progressão rápida e potencialmente fatal. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de fasceíte necrotizante com origem odontogênica, enfatizando o diagnóstico, evolução clínica e o tratamento dessa patologia. Paciente do gênero feminino, 22 anos, com histórico de infecção odontogênica evoluindo para um quadro de fasceite necrosante, sendo tratada por equipe multidisciplinar e realização de desbridamento cirúrgico e antibioticoterapia. A FN facial é uma infecção de progressão rápida e potencialmente fatal, que requer diagnóstico e tratamento adequado e imediato. O tratamento é composto por antibioticoterapia sistêmica, desbridamento cirúrgico e monitoramento intensivo... (AU)


Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the cervical-facial region is a rare infection that usually affects patients with diseases that lead to systemic immunosuppression. It is characterized by extensive soft tissue necrosis with possible formation of gas in the subcutaneous tissues, followed by rapidly progressive, potentially fatal. The aim that this paper is described a case of necrotizing fasciitis with odontogenic origin, emphasizing the diagnosis, clinical course and treatment of this pathology. Female patient, 22 years old, with a history of odontogenic infection, evolving into a framework of necrotizing fasciitis, being treated by a multidisciplinary team and performing surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. The NF facial infection is rapidly progressive, potentially fatal condition requiring diagnosis and treatment and immediate. The treatment consists of systemic antibiotics, surgical debridement and intensive monitoring... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Fasciitis, Necrotizing , Subcutaneous Tissue , Focal Infection, Dental , Ludwig's Angina , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Clinical Diagnosis , Clinical Evolution
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(1): 116-118, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703161

ABSTRACT

Here, we report a case of Ludwig's angina, which required surgery because of toothache. The patient had dengue and severe thrombocytopenia as confirmed by clinical and laboratory diagnoses. However, dengue is not included among the predisposing factors for Ludwig's angina.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Dengue/complications , Ludwig's Angina/etiology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic/complications , Severity of Illness Index
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